Transcriber's Notes on the Texts and Editorial Issues

I have never seen a copy of Grote's books on Plato or Aristotle. It is a reasonable bet that there are no copies within a thousand miles of where I live. The on-line versions here assembled owe their existence to the Internet Archive's collection of scanned copies from various libraries.

Plato and the Other Companions of Sokrates was first published in 1865 by John Murray in three volumes. A second edition appeared in 1867, likewise in three volumes, and then in 1885 and later Murray brought out a four volume version in which the final two chapters (38th and 39th) were shifted to become the third and fourth. It is this four volume version that is used here. (In volume 1, before the title page there is a title and the heading Aberdeen University Press; perhaps that Press was involved in typesetting the Greek.) Grote had died in 1871, and the third edition was produced with the assistance of Alexander Bain, who was also one of the editors of Grote's unfinished book on Aristotle. (It may be worth noting that while cross-references to chapters in the text were updated, Bain did not remove other infelicities in the two chapters that were moved, so one reads about ideas met before which are now many chapters in the future.)

Most of the scans in the Internet Archive are of the four volume version of the Plato book. For a while it offered scans of the first edition, but these no longer feature in searches (presumably because several pages are defective). [I have since discovered scans of the complete 2nd edition at the Hathi Trust.] I have used the first or second edition on a number of occasions when the text appearing in the scans of the third edition seems faulty. I have silently corrected punctuation, umlauts, and Greek accents and breathings by reference to it. I have not, however, ventured to make consistent the apparent use of accents (where discrepancies may be due to the scanning technology), quotation marks, and italics (where the original was definitely inconsistent): e.g. the dialogue Parmenides is often Parmenidês, the doctrine Homo Mensura is sometimes Homo Mensura. The HTML version of the text indicates a few other corrections to the text, in most cases confirmed by the first or second edition. For users of the .txt version, I note these below.

For the Aristotle book, the Internet Archive offers versions of all three editions. While trying to reproduce the 2nd edition, I have often corrected it by reference to the 1st edition. Internal cross-references were usually updated correctly by the editors; I have not changed those they missed, ezxcept that the hyperlinks will go to the correct passage.

I have not attempted to regularise inconsistencies in abbreviations and styles of referencing but I have made a few changes off my own bat to the text as it appears in the scans.

Grote's book on Aristotle, edited by Bain and Croom Robertson, was originally published in two volumes in 1872. A second edition, with further materials found subsequent to the 1872 publication, was published in 1880 in one volume; an identical third edition in 1883. The new material is now found in chapters 13 and 14. It was originally published in a collection of Grote's papers entitled Fragments on Ethical Subjects in 1876 - I have used that text to make a couple of corrections.

Conventions in the files

Text

The .txt file is meant to be a standard Project Gutenberg .txt file. Its only irregularity is in the complexity of the coding of Greek: I have preserved the coding used to generate the HTML version which indicates all the accents and other marks — ) is for smooth breathing; ( for hard; + for diaeresis; / for acute accent; \ for grave; = for circumflex; | for iota subscript. ch is used for chi, ph for phi, ps for psi, th for theta; ê for eta and ô for omega; u is used for upsilon in all cases. While not aesthetically pleasing, this transciption does not lose any information.

HTML

There are two HTML versions: a complete and rather large file for each of the four Volumes and a separate file for each chapter or other section (Preface, etc.).

Besides Grote's text, the HTML versions of the Plato volumes provide hyperlinks from the Table of Contents to each paragraph with a sidenote and their pages, from footnote references to and from the appropriate footnote, from page numbers in the Index to pages or footnotes, and other internal cross-references.

I have found that browsers on Windows systems, using default fonts, may produce very ugly Greek text, with the more unusual letters a different font size from the others. I have cured that by switching to Palatino Linotype as the font in Firefox and Chrome - maybe other fonts will also give reasonable Greek text. I haven't had the problem using Mac-OS or Linux.

Grote assumes readers fluent not only in Greek and Latin but also in French and German. A lot of his Greek quotations are provided to back up translations or close paraphrases in the surrounding text, but many stand on their own, as do those in other languages. I hope I may live to supply versions of these various passages, but readers will soon realise that it is a considerable task; my first priority is to make Grote's work itself easily accessible.

Acknowledgements

The HTML version owes a very great deal (its style sheet) to the Project Gutenberg versions of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica produced by Don Kretz and others. Don provided a revised style for the sidenotes to accommodate Grote's predilection for very long notes. (Even so there are a few occasions where the appearance may yet be bad in some browsers because the sidenote extends over more lines than its accompanying paragraph. If there are also footnotes in the paragraph I have had to guess at how much blank space should be inserted for the footnote not to overlap the sidenote.) I have subsequently tweaked the style sheet to emphasise the difference between text and footnotes. I have also plundered Don's work, and various other on-line sources of javascript, for the program I used to convert the Greek coding to HTML (greektohtmlbeta.htm).

The main source for Volume I was platoandtheother033021mbp.pdf, contributed by Osmania University; and the associated text file; for Volume II platoandtheother032884mbp.pdf, likewise from Osmania. Volume III is based on a text provided by Harvard University: http://www.archive.org/details/platoandotherco04grotgoog. Volume IV is based on platoandtheother033260mbp.pdf from Osmania and the OCR from a University of Toronto scan. For the short monograph on Plato's doctrine of the rotation of the earth I have used a pdf provided by Harvard, and the associated text file.

For the work on Aristotle I mainly used the Internet Archive's read on-line version of the second edition, aristotleedbyab00grotgoog, checking the text against the first edition where necessary.

Corrections

Volume I

Location Text of scan of 3rd edition Correction
Ch. 1, Text after fn 47 devination divination [1st ed.]
Ch. 1, fn. 119 Kosmichen Kosmischen [1st ed.]
Ch. 1, fn. 146 Apparere unum cujus sint plurima mizta,
Et magis in promptu primâque in front locata.		 Apparere unum cujus sint plurima mixta,
Et magis in promptu primâque in fronte locata. [1st ed.]
Ch. 1, fn. 164 Anaxagoras, Fr. & p. 100 Anaxagoras, Fr. 8, p. 100 [1st ed.]
Ch. 1, fn. 164 τὸ περιέχνο τὸ περιέχον
Ch. 1, fn. 214 2d 2nd. [1st ed.]
Ch. 2, text after fn. 21 ultra phenomenal ultra-phenomenal [1st ed.]
Ch. 3, fn. 40 Taüschung Täuschung [1st ed.]
Ch. 3, fn. 64 vol. iii. vol. ii.
Ch. 3, fn. 66 art act [1st ed.]
Ch. 3, fn. 185 Dion. Diog.
Ch. 3, fn. 206 [Greek text] οκητὴνεὐδ εὐδοκητὴν [1st ed.]
Ch. 3, fn. 217 xxix. xxiv.
Ch. 4, fn. 1chap. xxii.chap. xxi.
Ch. 5, fn. 24 de-describes describes [1st ed.]
Ch. 6, text before fn. 14 blank space 4. [2nd ed.]
Ch. 6, fn. 39 passed of : passed off: [1st ed.]
Ch. 6, fn. 45 united the our members united the four members [1st ed.]
Ch. 7, 3rd paragraph Hippias II. [second occurrence] Hippias I. [based on listing of contents of Stephanus' edition in Wikipedia]
Ch. 7, fn. 8 409 B.C. as the year of Plato's birth: I think 407 B.C. 429 B.C. as the year of Plato's birth: I think 427 B.C
Ch. 7, fn. 13 Herman Hermann [1st ed.]
Ch. 8, fn. 92 s. 12, p. 273 s. 11, p. 273 [Perseus text]

 

Volume 2

Location Text of scan of 3rd edition Correction
ToC, Ch. 13 sidenote 3 Minor Major
ToC, Ch. 14, sidenote 24 pain gain
Ch. 13, fn. 40 John Stuart Mill (‘System of Logic,’ iv. 4, 5; and John Stuart Mill (‘System of Logic,’ iv. 4, 5, p. 220 seq.); and [1st ed.]
Ch. 13, penultimate sentence of text with fn 46 he was even fit to live he was not even fit to live [1st ed.]
Ch. 17, text with fn. 30 fulfiling fulfilling [1st ed.]
Ch. 19, text after fn. 32 sixth eighth
Ch. 19, fn. 44 p. . p. 31. [based on number given in 1st ed.]
Ch. 20, text after fn. 13 aud and
Ch. 22, text after fn. 47 sixth eighth
Ch. 23, fn. 134 p. 240 p. 242
Ch. 23, fn.135 ch. xviii ch. xvii
Ch. 24, fn. 75 Pratagoras Protagoras
Ch. 24, fn. 77 ἀνρός  ἀνδρός [Perseus version of Burnet's edition] 
Ch. 24, fn. 86 Die Dialoge des Aristoteles Die Dialoge des Aristoteles
Ch. 25, text after fn. 58 intellegible intelligible
Ch. 25, text after fn. 110 alloted allotted

 

Volume 3

Location Text of scan of 3rd edition Correction
ToC, ch. 31 20th entry admissable admissible [2nd. ed.]
Ch. 26 fn. 30 φίλῇ φίλῃ (based on Perseus text)
Ch. 26, fn. 33  τόδὲ  τόδε (based on Perseus text)
Ch. 26, text after fn. 125 fourth eighth
Ch. 28, fn. 47 aussitot aussitôt (by reference to a copy of the original Turgot in Google Books)
Ch. 28, fn. 78 ajourd'hui aujourd'hui [2nd. ed.]
Ch. 28, fn. 92 It we compare If we compare [2nd ed.]
Ch. 28, fn. 97 Theætêt. p. 186 C. Theætêt. p. 186 D. (based on Perseus text)
Ch. 28, fn. 99 τυφρά  τυφλά  [2nd. edition and Perseus text]
Ch. 28, text after fn. 143 Chapter VI Chapter VIII
Ch. 29, fn. 23 p. 130 D p. 130 E [after Perseus text]
Ch. 29, fn. 102 παφεῖν  παθεῖν [2nd. edition and Perseus text]
Ch. 30, fn. 18 Again, in the Phædrus p. 229 C), Again, in the Phædrus (p. 229 C),
Ch. 31, fn. 18 ἑὖν … οκάστου οὖν … ἑκάστου [2nd. ed.]
Ch. 31, fn. 40 Is is It is [2nd. ed.]
Ch. 31, fn. 47 tems temps [by reference to the original text in Google Books]
Ch. 31, fn. 48 ab-antiquitatis ab antiquitatis [by reference to the original text in Google Books]
Ch. 31, fn. 58 429-411 C. 409-411 C. [? the Greek quotation is from 411 C]
Ch. 31, fn. 63 p. . p. 88 [based on page number given in 2nd. ed.]
Ch. 32, fn. 42 φόβπν  φόβων 
Ch. 33, fn. 31 p. 373 p. 359

 

Volume 4

Location Text of scan of 3rd edition Correction
ToC, p. 272 The heading — CHAPTER XXXIX.
LEGES AND EPINOMIS — is missing

 
ToC, p. 418 Noctural Nocturnal
Ch. 35, text before fn. 304 extreme extremes [2nd ed.]
Ch. 37, text before fn. 18 most convinced that "if they do well most convinced that if they do well [2nd ed.]
Ch. 37, fn. 26 Cyrop. viii. i. 40 Cyrop. viii. 1, 40 [2nd ed.]
Ch. 37, fn. 51 gout goût [Original in Google Books]
Ch. 37, fn. 80 proh sancta pro sancta [Perseus text]
Ch. 37, after fn. 82 in dependence independence [2nd. ed.]
Ch. 37, fn. 136 νσμοθέτης νομοθέτης [2nd. ed.]
Ch. 37, fn. 157 )xxxiv. 8, 19) (xxxiv. 8, 19) [2nd. ed.]
Ch. 37, fn. 165 ἀόρι στον ἀόριστον [2nd. ed.]
Ch. 38, 3rd sidenote, p. 216 and character of the Pythagorean Timæus Position and character of the Pythagorean Timæus [2nd. ed.]
Ch. 38, fn. 25 members numbers [2nd. ed.]
Ch. 38, fn. 40 that than [2nd. ed.]
Ch. 39, p. 299 The one footnote on this page is numbered 3 at the foot, 1 in the text
Ch. 39, fn. 93 chap, xxviii. p. 150, seq. chap. xxxvi. p. 100, seq.
Ch. 39, p. 303 bottom docrine doctrine [2nd. ed.]
Ch. 39, p. 334 near bottom possses possess [2nd. ed.]
Ch. 39, p. 359 after fn. 270 that than [2nd. ed.]
Ch. 39, p. 371 after fn. 314 weath wealth [2nd. ed.]
Index, s.v. Actual iv. i.
Index, s.v. Analogy ἀναλογίαμ ἀναλογίαν [2nd. ed.]
Index, s.v. Animal Ἀυτόζωον Αὐτόζωον
Index, s.v. Apology Antigone of Sophokles, i. 429, n. Antigone of Sophokles, i. 429 n. [2nd. ed.]
Index, s.v. Aristotle, communism 189 180
Index, s.v. Art see Poetry see Poets [No entry for Poetry in Index.]
Index, s.v. Cyrus iv. 312; iv. 312, [2nd. ed.]
Index, s.v. Death 235, n. 235 n. [2nd. ed.]
Index, s.v. Eleatic 234, n. 237 n.
Index, s.v. Ethics τὰ ἀθρώπινα τὰ ἀνθρώπινα [2nd. ed.]
Index, s.v. Gain no tenable definition found, 83, ib.; no tenable definition found, ib., 83; [2nd. ed.]
Index, s.v. Knowledge, omnipotence of King Nomos, i. 37, 8-84; i. 378-84; [comparing 2nd. ed. and cf. s.v. Sokrates, i. 378-84;]
Index, s.v. Lassalle on Herakleitus, iii. 101 n.;
159 n., 309 n., 324 n.; 		on Herakleitus, iii. 101 n., 159 n., 309 n., 324 n.; [2nd. ed.]
Index, s.v. Martin on Timæus, iii. on Timæus, iv.
Index, s.v. Physics 241 n. 397 n.
Index, s.v. Physics, Parmenides 89 n. 90 n.
Index, s.v. Plato, rhetorical powers 369 n. 178 n.
Index, s.v. Pleasure, science of measure necessary to estimate pleasures 374 n. 376 n. [based on index in 2nd. ed.]
Index, s.v. Politikus true government, by the one scienific man true government, by the one scientific man
Index, s.v. Praxiphanes 268 n. 265 n.
Index, s.v. Reid 241 n. 243 n.
Index, s.v. Soul of the kosmos, 265 of the kosmos, iii. 265
Index, s.v. State, of strangers, and foreign travel of citizens 414 iv. 414
Index, s.v. Virtue, is it teachable 330, n. 330 n.

 

 

Plato's Doctrine

Location Text of scan Correction
p. 7 Τίμάιω Τιμαίω [based on Hathi text of Timee de Locres, De l'ame du monde]
p. 13 χορέια χορεία
p. 13 οὔρανον οὐρανὸν
p. 13 τεταμενον ἐνδεικνυται τεταμένον ἐνδείκνυται
p. 15, fn. 2 forge force
p. 19 Τιμάιῳ γεγραπται Τιμαίῳ γέγραπται
p. 19 ἑιλεῖσθαι εἱλεῖσθαι
p. 19 ἔπὶ ἐπὶ
p. 28 ἀυτῆς αὐτῆς

 

 

Aristotle

Location Text of scan Correction
Preface, p. xii dialetical dialectical
ch. 1, fn. 10 μγέαν μέγαν
ch. 1, fn. 46 ἀλλἀ ἀλλὰ
ch. 1, fn. 61 Quintillian Quintilian [1st edition]
ch. 2, fn. 15 Art Ar. [1st edition]
p. 36 Theopharstus Theophrastus
ch. 2, fn. 40 ἀυτῶν αὐτῶν [Bekker's text]
ch. 2, fn. 40 δια λεκτικῶς διαλεκτικῶς [1st edition]
ch. 2, fn. 40 τῶν. ἠθικῶν τῶν ἠθικῶν [1st edition]
ch. 2, fn. 41 λὰρ γὰρ [1st edition]
ch. 3, fn. 2 Ἀπορίαι Metaph. Ἀπορίαι, Metaph. [1st edition]
ch. 3, fn. 6 λεγομένωνα Categ. p. 1, a. 16, b. 25). λεγομένωνα (Categ. p. 1, a. 16, b. 25).
ch. 3, fn. 49 ἑτέρών ἑτέρων
ch. 3, fn. 54 ἐπιστὴμη ἐπιστήμη
ch. 3, fn. 101 τῆν τὴν
ch. 3, p. 93 Subiect Subject [1st edition]
ch. 3, fn. 112 d’ou d’où [Text at http://archive.org/stream/delalogiquedari04saigoog]
ch. 3, fn. 112 a à [1st edition]
ch. 3, fn. 112 Voila Voilà [Text?
ch. 3, fn. 131 λένος γένος [1st edition]
ch. 3, fn. 131 Stoic Stoics [1st edition]
ch. 3, fn. 132 δεύτέρον δεύτερον [1st edition]
ch. 3, fn. 142 ἀντικείμένα ἀντικείμενα [1st edition]
ch. 3, fn. 142 ὃθεν ὅθεν [1st edition]
p. 106 if of [1st edition]
ch. 4, fn. 9 Scholian Scholion [1st edition]
p. 121 non justis non justus [1st edition]
p. 126 Nons-Ens Non-Ens [1st edition]
ch. 4, fn. 48 lxii-lxviii. lxii.-lxviii. [1st edition]
p. 158 no superscript for footnote 52 [1st edition]
ch. 5, fn. 60 completély completely [1st edition]
ch. 5, fn. 63, 64, 65 ; : [1st edition]
p. 166 faciliate facilitate [1st edition]
p. 172 the the the [1st edition]
p. 175 no superscript for footnote 14 [1st edition]
p. 178 no superscript for footnote 24 [1st edition]
p. 183 suscessively successively [1st edition]
ch. 6, fn. 55 xxxiii. xxiii. [1st edition]
ch. 6, fn. 55 Sir. Sir [1st edition]
ch. 6, fn. 58 . [1st edition]
ch. 6, fn. 59 Lokik Logik [1st edition]
ch. 6, fn. 65 Sir. Sir [1st edition]
ch. 6, fn. 67 , [twice] . [1st edition]
ch. 6, fn. 67 : ; [1st edition]
ch. 6, fn. 71 seq seq. [1st edition]
ch. 6, fn. 74 Induction “Induction [1st edition]
ch. 7, fn. 13 maximum maxim [1st edition]
ch. 7, fn. 19 τρὸπον τρόπον [1st edition]
ch. 7, fn. 39 . , [1st edition]
ch. 7, fn. 57 ,
p. 231 dialetical dialectical [1st edition]
ch. 8, fn. 2 Schl. Schol. [1st edition]
ch. 8, fn. 2 attibute attribute [1st edition]
ch. 8, fn. 12 jusqu’ à jusqu’à [by reference to original in Internet Archive]
Ch. 8, fn. 18 οὐδε οὐδὲ [1st edition]
ch. 8, fn. 34 . [1st edition]
ch. 8, fn. 49 λανθανουσι λανθάνουσι [by reference to original edition at http://www.hs-augsburg.de/]
ch. 8, fn. 62 δε δὲ
ch. 8, fn. 70 primilibri primi libri [by reference to original at Hathi Trust]
ch. 9, fn. 27 πλείον’ πλείον [1st edition]
ch. 9, fn. 39 vii.. viii. [1st edition]
ch. 9, p. 278 analgous analogous [1st edition]
ch. 9, fn. 71 το τὸ [Bekker]
ch. 9, p. 291 usuage usage [1st edition]
ch. 9, p. 304 is respecting is) respecting [1st edition]
ch. 9, p. 304 more more more [1st edition]
ch. 9, fn. 210 λὰρ γὰρ [1st edition]
ch. 9, fn. 211 λὰρ γὰρ [1st edition]
ch. 9, fn. 211 τινων δτὸ τινων, τὸ [1st edition]
ch. 9, fn. 229 εἰρημενον εἰρημένον [1st edition]
ch. 9, p. 335 impunging impugning [1st edition]
ch.9, p. 338 defininition definition [1st edition]
ch. 9, fn. 367 ποῖουμένοις ποιουμένοις [1st edition]
ch. 9, fn. 367 διὴρθρωταί διήρθρωταί [1st edition]
ch. 9, fn. 408 συγκρισιν σύγκρισιν [Bekker]
ch. 9, p. 370 revelant relevant [1st edition]
ch. 9, p. 371 you you you [1st edition]
ch. 9, fn. 464 γαρ γὰρ [Bekker]
ch. 9, fn. 464 προτεινομενων προτεινομένων [Bekker]
ch. 10, p. 379 predominence predominance [1st edition]
ch. 10, fn. 85 Topic, Topica, [1st edition]
ch. 10, fn. 98 xxii. xvii. [based on 1st edition]
ch. 10, fn. 98 Firman Firmin [1st edition]
ch. 10, fn. 112 b. 17; b. 17); [1st edition]
ch. 10, fn. 112 , ) [1st edition]
ch. 10, p. 414 philosphers philosophers [1st edition]
ch. 10, p. 417 tell tells [1st edition]
ch. 11, p. 424 confides confines [1st edition]
ch. 11, p. 429 that that, [1st edition]
ch. 12, p. 448 sperical spherical [1st edition]
ch. 12, p. 453 most most most [1st edition]
ch. 12, p. 465 accept except [1st edition]
ch. 12, fn. 129 and ad [1st edition]
ch. 12, fn. 136 την τὴν [Bekker's text]
ch. 12, p. 479 thoraic thoracic [1st edition]
ch. 12, fn. 156 88 18 [1st edition]
ch. 13, p. 508 endæmonise eudæmonise
ch. 13, p. 518 perforance performance [text as in Fragments]
ch. 13, pp. 526-527 (5 times) ii. iii.
ch. 14, p. 540 commonweath commonwealth [text as in Fragments]
ch. 14, p. 542 indulgencies indulgences [text as in Fragments]
App. I, p.554 preceptions perceptions [text as in Fragments]
App. I, fn. 8 370-395 320-395
App. II, fn. 6 ᾐ ᾗ
App. III, p. 584 B B (small capital)
App. III, p. 589, 592 ). .). [1st edition]
App. III, p. 589, 590, 591 .) ). [1st edition]
App. III, p. 591 ) (at end of paragraph) [1st edition]
App. III, p. 593 τνίας ἐνίας [1st edition]
App. III, p. 604 parts parts parts [1st edition]
App. III, p. 610 Z K Z K (small capitals)
App. III, p. 614 δύνάμις δύναμις [1st edition]
App. III, p. 617 δυνάνεις δυνάμεις [1st edition]
App. III, p. 623, 624 .) .). [1st edition]
App. III, p. 624 a. 2-025. a. 20-25. [1st edition]
App. III, p. 626 γὰρ γάρ [1st edition]
App. IV, p. 632 . [1st edition]
App. IV, p. 632 from from from [1st edition]
App. IV, p. 634 contrifugal centrifugal [1st edition]
App. IV, p. 636 their there [1st edition]
App. IV, p. 636 ἀεῖ ἀεὶ [1st edition]
App. IV, p. 637 ; : [1st edition]
App. IV, p. 645 them-themselves themselves [1st edition]
App. IV, p. 647 ). .) [1st edition]
App. V, p. 655 the fears of those gods those fears of the gods [1st edition]
App. VI, p. 661 medita-tations meditations [1st edition]
Index, s.v. Antiphasis Metaph Metaph. [1st edition]
Index, s.v. Aristotle Platonist Platonists [1st edition]
Index, s.v. Categories as as as [1st edition]
Index, s.v. Categories the the the [1st edition]
Index, s.v. Fallacies inteltellect intellect [1st edition]
Index, s.v. Quale ) ), [1st edition]
Index, s.v. Realism Categorie Category [1st edition]

Further links

Grote's History of Greece is being prepared for Project Gutenberg, but none of the volumes are yet (July 2010) available. It is available in the Internet Archive.

There is a version of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica article on Grote here. Wikipedia provides a Google Books link to his obituary in the Times of London.

John Stuart Mill wrote reviews of both of Grote's major philosophical works. That of the Plato volumes appeared anonymously in the Edinburgh Review April 1866, and that of the Aristotle in the Fortnightly Review January 1873 (Both links are to the wonderful on-line version of the Sparshott edition of the Collected Works sponsored by the Online Library of Liberty.)

 

Ed Brandon

Created June 27, 2010, last revised January 17, 2014.